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HIS History & Biographies --- garden history --- history of horticulture --- greenhouses --- glasshouses --- orangeries --- landscape & garden architecture --- Greenhouses --- Orangeries --- History. --- Design and construction --- Fleury, Ch. Rohault de

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Architecture --- Building stones --- Art, Architecture & Applied Arts --- Dimension stones --- Stone, Building --- Building materials --- Stone --- Architecture, Western (Western countries) --- Building design --- Buildings --- Construction --- Western architecture (Western countries) --- Art --- Building --- Guidebooks --- Design and construction --- Leeds (England) --- Leeds (West Yorkshire) --- City and Borough of Leeds (England) --- City and County of Leeds (England) --- Buildings, structures, etc. --- Guidebooks. --- England --- Deterioration --- Architecture, Primitive --- Leeds (grande-bretagne) --- Pierre a batir

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Dendrochronology and wood anatomy developed for decades as two independent scientific fields. It was only in the last decade that it was made clear that the dimension of time is the fourth dimension for both sciences and that it was demonstrated that wood anatomy and dendrochronology are perfect partners. The main aim of this book is to show the hidden ecological richness in stems and roots from trees, shrubs and herbs. It should encourage researchers to consider the anatomic microcosm of wood plants and use it as a retrospective source of information, solving problems related to ecophysiology, competition, site conditions, population biology, earth science, wood quality and even human history.

Wood --- Dendrochronology. --- Trees --- Anatomy. --- Ecophysiology. --- Dendrology --- Nursery stock --- Woody plants --- Arboriculture --- Forests and forestry --- Timber --- Tree-ring analysis --- Tree-ring hydrology --- Archaeological dating --- Chronology --- Climatology --- Plants --- Tree-rings --- Plant anatomy --- Age determination --- Figure --- Trees. --- Wood. --- Plant physiology. --- Plant Ecology. --- Forests and forestry. --- Building Construction and Design. --- Tree Biology. --- Wood Science & Technology. --- Plant Physiology. --- Forestry. --- Forest land --- Forest lands --- Forest planting --- Forest production --- Forest sciences --- Forestation --- Forested lands --- Forestland --- Forestlands --- Forestry --- Forestry industry --- Forestry sciences --- Land, Forest --- Lands, Forest --- Silviculture --- Sylviculture --- Woodlands --- Woods (Forests) --- Agriculture --- Natural resources --- Afforestation --- Logging --- Tree crops --- Botany --- Ecology --- Physiology --- Building materials --- Forest products --- Phytoecology --- Vegetation ecology --- Buildings—Design and construction. --- Building. --- Construction. --- Engineering, Architectural. --- Forest products. --- Plant ecology. --- Botany, Economic --- Commercial products --- Raw materials --- Architectural engineering --- Buildings --- Construction --- Construction science --- Engineering, Architectural --- Structural design --- Structural engineering --- Architecture --- Construction industry --- Design and construction --- Floristic ecology

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Since the last century of ecological history, landscape ecologists have played a role in solving many hot issues linking development and conservation of landscape. Recently, cause and consequences of landscape change are significantly related to rapid urbanization and land transformation in populated areas. Therefore, ecological applications on the man-influenced areas are a worldwide issue and challenge in landscape ecology. The aim of Landscape Ecological Applications in Man-Influenced Areas is not only to expand concept of landscape ecology, but also to apply its principle to man-influenced ecosystems. New dimensions of landscape ecological research in a global change such as urbanization, biodiversity, and land transformation are explored in this book. This book also includes several case studies concerning landscape analysis and evaluation using spatial analysis and landscape modelling for establishing sustainable management strategy in urban and agricultural landscapes. The subtitle of the book suggests the integrative and ubiquitous landscape planning considering harmony of man and nature systems in the socio-economic and cultural background. Such key issues and technology of landscape research will provide implements and act as a guidebook for decision makers and land planners as well as teachers and students at universities.

Landscape ecology. --- Landscape assessment. --- Land use --- Nature --- Ecology --- Planning --- Environmental aspects. --- Effect of human beings on. --- Architecture. --- Endangered ecosystems. --- Environmental management. --- Nature Conservation. --- Landscape Ecology. --- Urbanism. --- Ecosystems. --- Environmental Management. --- Conservation of nature --- Nature protection --- Protection of nature --- Conservation of natural resources --- Applied ecology --- Conservation biology --- Endangered ecosystems --- Natural areas --- Environmental stewardship --- Stewardship, Environmental --- Environmental sciences --- Management --- Threatened ecosystems --- Biotic communities --- Nature conservation --- Architecture, Western (Western countries) --- Building design --- Buildings --- Construction --- Western architecture (Western countries) --- Art --- Building --- Conservation --- Design and construction

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The chicken bone which you nibbled and threw away yesterday was a high-tech product! In fact it was a superlative light-weight design functionally adapted to the mechanical requirements. No engineer in the world has as yet been able to copy this structural member, which is excellently optimized in its external shape and its internal architecture as regards minimum weight and maximum strength. The tree trunk on which you recently carved your initials has also over the course of its life, steadily improved its internal and external structure and adapted itself optimally to new loads. In the course of its biomechanical self-optimization, it will heal the notch you cut as speedily as possible, in order to repair even the smallest weak point, which might otherwise cost it its life in the next storm. This book is dedicated to the understanding of this biomechanical optimization of shape. And not only that: With the knowledge of these perfect processes of self-optimization in nature, techniques for the improvement of mechanical structural members could be developed. Industry already uses them. Nature shows us the way to eco-design, to machines in accordance with nature's laws governing structures and shapes. CLAUS MATTHECK: Born in Dresden, Germany in 1947. Study of physics in Dresden, PhD in theoretical physics in 1973. Habilitation in the field of damage control in 1985. Lectures on biomechanics at the University of Karlsruhe. Head of the Department of Biomechanics of the Research Centre in Karlsruhe, where the results described in this book were obtained. Several awards in science and literature.

Architecture. --- Engineering. --- Engineering design. --- Software engineering. --- Trees. --- Biomechanics --- Trees --- Biology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Biophysics --- Mechanical properties --- Biomechanics. --- Mechanical properties. --- 681.3*J3 --- 57.018.2 --- 57.018.2 Form. Shape --- Form. Shape --- 681.3*J3 Life and medical sciences (Computer applications) --- Life and medical sciences (Computer applications) --- Biomécanique --- Arbres --- Propriétés mécaniques --- Dendrology --- Nursery stock --- Woody plants --- Arboriculture --- Forests and forestry --- Timber --- Biological mechanics --- Mechanical properties of biological structures --- Mechanics --- Contractility (Biology) --- Biophysics. --- Biological physics. --- Engineering Design. --- Tree Biology. --- Biological and Medical Physics, Biophysics. --- Engineering, general. --- Software Engineering/Programming and Operating Systems. --- Architecture, general. --- Design, Engineering --- Engineering --- Industrial design --- Strains and stresses --- Architecture, Western (Western countries) --- Building design --- Buildings --- Construction --- Western architecture (Western countries) --- Art --- Building --- Computer software engineering --- Industrial arts --- Technology --- Biological physics --- Medical sciences --- Physics --- Design --- Design and construction